Season the beef chuck roast generously with salt and black pepper on all sides.
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Sear the roast for 4-5 minutes per side until a deep brown crust forms.
Transfer the roast to a 6-quart slow cooker.
In the same skillet, add the sliced onions. Cook for 5 minutes until they begin to soften and pick up the browned bits from the meat.
Place the onions, mushrooms, and minced garlic into the slow cooker around the beef.
In a small bowl, whisk together the beef broth, red wine (if using), balsamic vinegar, Worcestershire sauce, and brown sugar.
Pour the liquid mixture over the beef and vegetables. Top with fresh rosemary and thyme sprigs.
Cover and cook on LOW for 8-9 hours (or HIGH for 4-5 hours) until the beef is fork-tender.
Carefully remove the roast and herbs. Whisk the cornstarch slurry into the liquid in the pot.
Cook on HIGH for an additional 10-15 minutes until the gravy is thick and glossy.
Shred the beef slightly and serve topped with the jammy onions, mushrooms, and a generous ladle of gravy.