Preheat oven to 325°F (165°C).
Season the beef chuck roast generously with salt and black pepper on all sides.
Heat vegetable oil in a large oven-safe Dutch oven over medium-high heat.
Sear the beef until deeply browned on all sides, approximately 5 minutes per side, then remove and set aside.
Add onions and carrots to the pot, sautéing for 3-4 minutes until slightly softened.
Stir in garlic and tomato paste, cooking for 60 seconds until fragrant.
Deglaze the pot with red wine, scraping the bottom with a wooden spoon to release browned bits.
Return the beef to the pot and add beef stock, rosemary, thyme, and bay leaves.
Cover with a tight-fitting lid and transfer to the oven for 2.5 hours.
Add baby potatoes to the pot, ensuring they are partially submerged in the liquid, and continue cooking for 60 minutes until meat is fork-tender.
Discard herb sprigs and bay leaves before serving.