Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Butter a 9 × 13-inch baking dish.
Cook the egg noodles in salted boiling water until just shy of al dente, about 1 to 2 minutes less than the package directs. Drain well.
Brown the ground beef and onion in a large skillet over medium-high heat for 6 to 8 minutes. Drain excess fat. Stir in the garlic and cook for 30 seconds.
Add the tomato sauce, tomato paste, Italian seasoning, salt and black pepper. Simmer for 5 minutes.
Combine sour cream, cottage cheese and drained noodles in a large bowl. Fold in 1/2 cup cheddar.
Spread half the creamy noodles in the prepared dish, then half the beef sauce. Repeat the layers. Top with the remaining 1 cup cheddar and the mozzarella.
Bake uncovered for 20 to 25 minutes, until hot and bubbling with lightly golden cheese. Rest for 5 to 10 minutes before serving.